Electronically reconfigurable and conformal triband antenna for wireless communications systems and portable devices

This paper presents the design of a triband antenna that can be electronically configured to operate at different frequencies. The proposed antenna is design to operate at sub-6GHz bands at 2.45 GHz (ISM, Wi-Fi, and WLAN), 3.3, 3.5 - 3.9 GHz (WiMAX), and 4.1 - 4.9 GHz (4G - 5G). This is achieved by connecting two open-ended stubs to a modified triangular patch radiator using PIN diodes. The antenna's performance was optimized using a 3D electromagnetic solver and its performance was verified through measurements. Moreover, the conformal analysis done on the antenna shows that the proposed technique can be used in moderately flexible wireless devices without compromising the antenna's gain, radiation efficiency and radiation patterns. These characteristics makes the proposed antenna applicable for various wireless communication systems and devices.Funding: Funder1: Universidad Carlos III de Madrid Award Number: 801538 Grant Recipient: Mohammad Alibakhshikenari Grant Recipient: Mohammad Alibakhshikenari Funder 2: HORIZON EUROPE Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions Award Number: 801538 Grant Recipient: Mohammad Alibakhshikenari Funder 3: Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación Award Number: MCIU/AEI/FEDER, UE Grant Recipient: Francisco Falcone The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript

Design of an integrated sub-6 GHz and mmWave MIMO antenna for 5G handheld devices

The authors appreciate financial support from Universidad Carlos III de Madrid and the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant Agreement No 801538. As well as, this work was partially supported by the Antenna and Wireless Propagation Group (https://sites.google.com/view/awpgrp/home accessed on 16 June 2021) and from the Researchers Supporting Project number (RSP-2021/58), King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Effect of different dielectrics on material removal rate, electrode wear rate and microstructures in EDM

Diesinker electric discharge machining is widely used non-conventional technique for making high precision and complex shaped parts. Dielectrics and electrical parameters were considered as the main factors for EDM performance. In this paper, the effects of pulse-on-time (μs) and current (ampere) were evaluated for performance measures using kerosene and water as dielectrics. A comparison was performed for both dielectrics in terms of material removal rate (mm3/min), electrode wear rate (mm3/min), and microstructures. Aluminum 6061 T6 alloy was used as material for this research due to its extensive use in aerospace and automotive industries. Experiments were designed using Taguchi L9 orthogonal array (OA). Time series graphs were plotted to compare material removal rate and electrode wear rate. Microstructures were taken by scanning electron microscope to analyze the surface produced in terms of cracks, globules and micro-holes. Higher material removal rate and lower electrode wear were achieved with kerosene dielectric. The novelty of this research work, apart from its practical application, is that Aluminum 6061 T6 alloy is used as work material to compare the performance of dielectrics (kerosene and distilled water). Paper presented at: Complex Systems Engineering and Development Proceedings of the 27th CIRP Design Conference Cranfield University, UK 10th – 12th May 2017

Highly Compact GCPW-Fed Multi-Branch Structure Multi-Band Antenna for Wireless Applications

In this work, we present a highly compact multi-branch structure multi-band antenna with a grounded coplanar waveguide (GCPW)-fed structure printed on 26 ×13 ×1.6 mm3 sized FR-4 substrate having dielectric constant r of 4.3 and loss tangent of 0.02. In the proposed antenna, ve branches are extended from the main radiator to provide multi-band behavior. Two branches are introduced at the upper end of the main radiator, e ectively covering the lower bands, while the other three branches are introduced near the center of the main radiator to extend operation to higher bands. e designed antenna covers ve di erent bands: 2.4 GHz, 4.5 GHz, 5.5 GHz, 6.5 GHz, and 7.8 GHz, with respective gain values of 1.34, 1.60, 1.83, 1.80, and 3.50 dBi and respective radiation e ciency values of 90, 88, 84, 75, and 89%. e antenna shows a good impedance bandwidth, ranging from 170MHz to 3070 MHz. e proposed antenna is simulated in CST Microwave Studio, while its performance is experimentally validated by the fabrication and testing process. e antenna has potential applications for IoT, sub-6 GHz 5G and WLAN (both enablers for IoT), C-band, and X-band services.Dr. Mohammad Alibakhshikenari acknowledges support from the CONEX-Plus programme funded by Universidad Carlos III de Madrid and the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 801538

Electronically reconfigurable and conformal triband antenna for wireless communications systems and portable devices

This paper presents the design of a triband antenna that can be electronically configured to operate at different frequencies. The proposed antenna is design to operate at sub-6GHz bands at 2.45 GHz (ISM, Wi-Fi, and WLAN), 3.3, 3.5 & 3.9 GHz (WiMAX), and 4.1 & 4.9 GHz (4G & 5G). This is achieved by connecting two open-ended stubs to a modified triangular patch radiator using PIN diodes. The antenna’s performance was optimized using a 3D electromagnetic solver and its performance was verified through measurements. Moreover, the conformal analysis done on the antenna shows that the proposed technique can be used in moderately flexible wireless devices without compromising the antenna’s gain, radiation efficiency and radiation patterns. These characteristics makes the proposed antenna applicable for various wireless communication systems and devices

A high-gain quasi-fractal antenna with wide range operation for 5G applications over V-band spectrum

In this paper, a vertical cascade of T-shaped fractal-like antenna is presented for operating at V-band. The fractal-like antenna is shown to provide wideband performance. The radiator consists of interconnected series of elliptical structures of different sizes that were constructed on Roger RT/duroid 5880 substrate. The proposed antenna design was verified using HFSS and CST electromagnetic solvers. The overall dimension of the antenna is 16×18×0.79 mm 3 . The antenna is shown to provide an average gain exceeding 6.5 dBi across 59 GHz to 68 GHz. The simple geometrical configuration of the antenna and its radiation characteristics makes it a potential candidate for 5G applications operating in V-band

Antennas for 5G and 6G Communications

An antenna is of substantial importance for a communication system as the design of an air interface is mainly reliant on the antenna design. With the significant wireless evolution from 1G to 6G, technologies and network capacities are also evolving to fulfill the promptly growing customer demands. These continually increasing demands have gone concurrently with extensive technological accomplishments of the antenna design community. This chapter discusses the sub-6 GHz and millimeter-wave (mm-wave) fifth-generation (5G) antennas, including antenna arrays, multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) technology, beam-steering techniques, metasurfaces, and other techniques to achieve the current and impending fast connectivity. Moreover, the design specifications, research directions, various technologies expected to be involved, and challenges in the design, fabrication, and measurement of the sixth-generation (6G) antennas at the THz band have also been presented. In addition, antenna-in-package (AiP) and antenna-on-chip (AoC) technologies with proper technology solutions have also been discussed

Performance of a Planar Leaky-Wave Slit Antenna for Different Values of Substrate Thickness

This paper presents the performance of a planar, low-profile, and wide-gain-bandwidth leaky-wave slit antenna in different thickness values of high-permittivity gallium arsenide substrates at terahertz frequencies. The proposed antenna designs consisted of a periodic array of 5 × 5 metallic square patches and a planar feeding structure. The patch array was printed on the top side of the substrate, and the feeding structure, which is an open-ended leaky-wave slot line, was etched on the bottom side of the substrate. The antenna performed as a Fabry-Perot cavity antenna at high thickness levels (H = 160 μm and H = 80 μm), thus exhibiting high gain but a narrow gain bandwidth. At low thickness levels (H = 40 μm and H = 20 μm), it performed as a metasurface antenna and showed wide-gain-bandwidth characteristics with a low gain value. Aside from the advantage of achieving useful characteristics for different antennas by just changing the substrate thickness, the proposed antenna design exhibited a low profile, easy integration into circuit boards, and excellent low-cost mass production suitability

A Compact Sub-GHz Wide Tunable Antenna Design for IoT Applications

This work presents a compact meandered loop slot-line 5G antenna for Internet of Things (IoT) applications. Recently, sub-gigahertz (sub-GHz) IoT technology is widely spreading. It enables long-range communications with low power consumption. The proposed antenna structure is optimized to operate at sub-GHz bands without any additional complex biasing circuitry or antenna structure. A miniaturized design was achieved by a meandered structured loop slot-line that is loaded reactively with a varactor diode. Wideband frequency reconfigurability (FR) was achieved by the use of the varactor diode. The proposed antenna resonates over the frequency band of 758–1034 MHz with a minimum bandwidth of 17 MHz over the entire frequency band. The RO4350 substrate with dimensions of 0.18λg × 0.13λg mm2 is used to design the proposed antenna design. The efficiency and gain values varied from 54–67% and 0.86–1.8 dBi. Compact planar structure, narrow-band operation (suitable for NB-IoT) and simple biasing circuitry, which allows for sub-GHz operation, are unique and attractive features of the design